Abdul Malik ibn Marwan

Abdul Malik ibn Marwan was the fifth Umayyad caliph, ruling from 685 to 705 AD. He is known for consolidating and expanding the Umayyad Empire, as well as for his administrative reforms, including the establishment of Arabic as the administrative language of the empire. He was also a patron of the arts and literature, and his court became a center for poets and scholars. His reign was marked by significant construction projects, including the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.