Hadj
Hadj was a victim of the Zaatcha massacre, which occurred in 1849 when the French army exterminated the inhabitants of the oasis near Biskra, Algeria. His tragic fate reflects the deep-rooted trauma caused by colonial violence, which continues to resonate through generations in Algeria. Born thirty-eight years after the massacre, Hadj's life was ultimately cut short during the Algerian War, linking his family's history to the enduring scars of colonialism.
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Hadj was the author's grandfather who was assassinated during the Algerian War.
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