Herbert Spencer

Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) was an English philosopher and sociologist known for his contributions to the development of evolutionary theory in the social sciences. He coined the phrase 'survival of the fittest' and applied the principles of evolution to human societies, advocating for the idea that social progress arises naturally through competition and adaptation. Spencer's work emphasized the importance of individualism and personal freedom, and he argued against government intervention in social affairs. His ideas were influential in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly in the context of social Darwinism, although many of his theories have since been critiqued and reevaluated.