Sultan II. Abdülhamid

Sultan II. Abdülhamid was the 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reigning from 1876 to 1909. He is known for his attempts at modernization and reform within the empire, as well as for his controversial autocratic rule. Abdülhamid's era was marked by significant political changes, including the rise of nationalism and the eventual decline of the Ottoman Empire. His legacy is complex, characterized by both advancements in education and infrastructure, as well as repression of dissent.