Zalando SE

Zalando SE is a leading European online fashion retailer founded in 2008 in Berlin, Germany. It operates across 25 countries and offers a hybrid business model that includes both direct sales and a marketplace for third-party sellers. The company has more than 50 million active users and has recently challenged its classification as a Very Large Online Platform (VLOP) under the EU's Digital Services Act, arguing that it is treated unfairly compared to other platforms.