Gregory VII

politician

Gregory VII, born Hildebrand of Sovana, was pope from 1073 to 1085 and is best known for his role in the Investiture Controversy, a significant conflict with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV regarding the appointment of bishops. He advocated for the reform of the Church, emphasizing the independence of ecclesiastical authority from secular powers. His papacy marked a pivotal shift towards a more centralized papal authority, and he is often celebrated as a champion of clerical celibacy and moral integrity within the Church. Gregory VII's assertive stance against Henry IV culminated in the dramatic scene at Canossa in 1077, where the emperor sought forgiveness after being excommunicated. His legacy is characterized by his commitment to papal supremacy and the ongoing struggle between church and state during the medieval period.