Pío V

Pío V, who served as Pope from 1566 to 1572, is best known for excommunicating Queen Elizabeth I of England and for his role in the establishment of the Roman Inquisition. He was a staunch opponent of Protestantism and is remembered for his anti-Semitic policies, including the enforcement of the ghetto in Rome. Canonized as a saint in 1712, his papacy was marked by significant religious conflict during the Reformation.